Cannabinoids in Contemporary Medicine: Research Directions and Possibilities
The study of cannabinoids has changed dramatically over the last several decades from historical purposes, much of it based on contemporary evidence studies. Cannabidiol (CBD) alone and cannabis and its other cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids) have garnered interest from researchers across the globe, due to their potential therapeutic properties. It’s important to clarify that Cannabidiol (CBD), while not having the psychoactive properties of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), still exhibits interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system, consisting of complex networks of receptors that modulate and regulate several physiological processes in humans. These systems modulate systems like the perception of pain, histamine receptors in the immune system, and overall cellular function, cellular health, and cellular renewal. CBD’s lack of intoxication facilitates research as a therapeutic agent of interest.
Modern research has started to utilize cannabinoids to explore certain health conditions. Early studies suggested cannabinoids may modulate or influence the cellular signaling pathways that are relevant to some forms of cellular proliferation. As well as laboratory studies, scientists are continuing investigations into whether cannabinoids can complement traditional treatments by possibly managing symptoms or side effects in place of unchallenged medical protocols.
Regulatory Concerns
The regulatory landscape in relation to cannabinoids will always be an essential factor to consider in moving forward—but it is very different in different parts of the world. The difference between FDA-approved cannabinoid medications and unregulated supplements is an important issue for both researchers and consumers when considering the cannabinoid landscape.
Evidence and Limitations
There is strong evidence for cannabinoids in specific indications, including:
- Management of certain types of treatment-resistant epilepsy
- Multiple sclerosis symptom management
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Clinical trials continue, but they have significant methodological issues including identification of appropriate dosing and modes of delivery, and the standardization of cannabinoids. The variability of products available also makes systematic investigation and comparable results difficult.
Patient-Provider Communication
Heightened public interest in cannabinoids has shifted the patient-provider dynamic. Providers are seeing more patients that are either using or asking about cannabinoids, making patient-provider discussions necessary regarding possible interaction with conventional treatments, product sourcing, and expectations.
As research capability develops, processes like standardized measuring tools or ways to report cannabis use, we should have greater certainty regarding the evidence generated and some clinical applications.